Dyeing Carriers | Some Commercial Name of Dyeing Carriers | Factors Considered For Selecting a Dyeing Carrier | Mechanism of Dyeing Carrier Action

Carrier

Certain hydrocarbons, phenols, amino acids, amides, alcohols, esters, ketons etc accelerate the rate of aqueous medium at temperature up to 1000C. These dyeing auxiliaries improve the dispersing and the physical characteristics of the fiber so that more dye can be transferred from the dye bath to the fiber. They are called carrier.

Some Commercial Name of Carriers

Commercial Name	Manufacturer Chemical	Class
Solvent OP	Franco	O-phenyl phenol
Tumescal D	ICI	Diphenyl
Palanil Carrier A	BASF	Aromatic Ether
Carrier PDC	TCC	Emulsifiable solvents
Dilatin TCR	Sandoz	Chlorinated aromatic compound
Butyl oleate	HAR	Ester

Factor considered for selecting a carrier
While selecting a carrier for use in dyeing polyester fabric the following points should be considered:

1. High carrier efficiency
2. Availability at low cost
3. Little or no effect on light fastness of final dyeing
4. Non-toxicity
5. No degradation or discoloration of the fibers
6. High stability under dyeing condition
7. Uniform absorption by the fiber
8. Ease of removal under dyeing
9. Absence of unpleasant odor
10. Ease of dispersion in the dye bath
11. Compatibility with dyestuffs.
12. Low volatility of the carrier including low volatility in the steam

Mechanism of carrier action:   Carrier action is describes as below-

1. It creates dye film on fiber surface.
2. It increases the solubility of dye bath.
3. Carriers swell the fiber and ultimately cause relaxation.
4. It increases the absorbency power of fiber.
5. It increases the fiber swelling.
6. The absorbed carrier increases the rate of dye uptake by creating liquid co-fiber.
7. Carrier transports the dye to the fiber by dye carrier association in dye bath.
8. Carrier penetrates inside the fiber polymer chain and thereby reduces inter-chain attraction and dye molecules enter the polymer structure.